Unsupervised Learning with Imbalanced Data via Structure Consolidation Latent Variable Model

Unsupervised learning on imbalanced data is challenging because, when given imbalanced data, current model is often dominated by the major category and ignores the categories with small amount of data. We develop a latent variable model that can cope with imbalanced data by dividing the latent space into a shared space and a private space. Based on Gaussian Process Latent Variable Models, we propose a new kernel formulation that enables the separation of latent space and derives an efficient variational inference method. The performance of our model is demonstrated with an imbalanced medical image dataset.Comment: ICLR 2016 Worksho

Gaussian Processes for Data Scarcity Challenges

This thesis focuses on Gaussian process models specifically designed for scarce data problems. Data scarcity or lack of data can be a weak spot for many machine learning algorithms. Nevertheless, both are commonly found in a diverse set of applications such as medicine, quality assurance, and remote sensing. Supervised classification algorithms can require large amounts of labeled data, and fulfilling this requirement is not straightforward. In medicine, breast cancer datasets typically have few cancerous cells and many healthy cells due to the overall relative scarcity of cancerous cells versus non-cancerous ones. The lack of cancerous cells causes the dataset to be imbalanced, which makes it difficult for learning algorithms to learn the differences between cancerous and healthy cells. A similar imbalance exists in the quality assurance industry, in which the ratio of faulty to non-faulty cases is very low. In sensor networks, and in particular those which measure air pollution across cities, combining sensors of different qualities can help fill gaps in what is often a very data scarce landscape. In data scarce scenarios, we present a probabilistic latent variable model that can cope with imbalanced data. By incorporating label information, we develop a kernel that can capture shared and private characteristics of data separately. On the other hand, in cases where no labels are available, an active learning based technique is proposed, based on a Gaussian process classifier with an oracle in the loop to annotate only the data about which the algorithm is uncertain. Finally, when disparate data types with different granularity levels are available, a transfer learning based approach is proposed. We show that jointly modeling data with various granularity helps improve prediction of rare data. The developed methods are demonstrated in experiments with real and synthetic data. The results presented in this thesis show that the developed methods improve prediction for scarce data problems with various granularities

Um estudo sobre a relação entre os esquemas desadaptativos precoces, a inteligência emocional e a automutilação em adolescentes estudantes das escolas secundárias de Teerã entre 2017 e 2018

One of the aspects of quality of life is the quality of mental health which is included in lack of fear, anxiety, and depression. The quality of mental health is one of the important variables in positive psychology which reflects the individuals’ psychological health. Emotional intelligence and stress coping strategies are among the important variables that according to various researches play a significant role in the relation between the factors related to personality and their psychological consequences.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between the early maladaptive schemas and emotional intelligence with self-harm of adolescent girls in Tehran high schools between 2017 and 2018. The findings of the research showed that there is a significant relation between the two schemas of emotional deprivation and sacrifice with self-harm but there is not a significant relation between the other schemas and the adolescent girls’ self-harm.Uno de los aspectos de la calidad de vida es la calidad de la salud mental que se incluye en la falta de miedo, ansiedad y depresión. La calidad de la salud mental es una de las variables importantes en la psicología positiva que refleja la salud psicológica de los individuos. La inteligencia emocional y las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés son algunas de las variables importantes que, según diversas investigaciones, desempeñan un papel importante en la relación entre los factores relacionados con la personalidad y sus consecuencias psicológicas.El propósito de este estudio es investigar la relación entre los esquemas de mala adaptación temprana y la inteligencia emocional con autolesiones de las adolescentes en las escuelas secundarias de Teherán entre 2017 y 2018. Los resultados de la investigación mostraron que existe una relación significativa entre los dos esquemas de privación emocional y sacrificio con autolesión, pero no existe una relación significativa entre los otros esquemas y la autolesión de las adolescentes.Um dos aspectos da qualidade de vida é a qualidade da saúde mental incluída na falta de medo, ansiedade e depressão. A qualidade da saúde mental é uma das variáveis importantes na psicologia positiva que reflete a saúde psicológica dos indivíduos. A inteligência emocional e as estratégias de enfrentamento do estresse estão entre as variáveis importantes que, de acordo com várias pesquisas, desempenham um papel significativo na relação entre os fatores relacionados à personalidade e suas consequências psicológicas.O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a relação entre os esquemas desadaptativos precoces e a inteligência emocional com autoflagelação de adolescentes do ensino médio de Teerã entre 2017 e 2018. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que existe uma relação significativa entre os dois esquemas. de privação emocional e sacrifício com autoflagelação, mas não há uma relação significativa entre os outros esquemas e a automutilação das adolescentes

Effect of Instructing Care Program Through Group Discussion on the Quality of Life of the Parents of the Children Afflicted With Leukemia

Purpose: Children long-term involvement with cancer may have a negative impact on the quality of life their parents. Design and implementation of training programs for parents whose children have been diagnosed with leukemia, as the primary caregivers of children, will have a special significance and can contribute to better taking care of such children. The main purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of conducting group discussion, as care program training, on the quality of life parents whose children were suffering from leukemia. Methods: This quasi-experimental before-after intervention study encompassed two groups of parents (in total 41) of leukemia children. To collect data, a demographic questionnaire and the shortened version of SF-36 questionnaire were used to determine the quality of life of parents. Both groups completed the quality of life questionnaires before and two months after the intervention. Results: Comparison of the parents’ quality of life mean scores, obtained before and two months after training, showed that promotion in 6 domains of bodily pain, general health, emotional health, role limitation due to emotional problems, social functioning, and vitality were occurred. (P <0.05) Conclusions: Considering the important role of parents in taking care of children suffering from leukemia, introduction of care program training can be a positive step to help these parents and empower them to manage their children’s problems more systematically and will ultimately lead to improved quality of life of parents

The Effectiveness of Skill Training based on Compassion-Focused Therapy on Psychological Capital and Depression in Adolescent Girls with Type 1 Diabetes

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease with a high risk of disability and death. In addition to physical complications, some psychological problems especially depression and loss of psychological capital are also common in people with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) training on psychological capital and depression in female adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of the study was all adolescents aged 16-14 years with type 1 diabetes in Sanandaj City. The statistical sample consisted of 30 adolescents with type 1 diabetes who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The PCQ-24 scale was used to collect data to measure psychological capital and the BDI-II scale was used to measure depression. The experimental group received 90 minutes of skill training based on CFT in eight sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by repeated measure in SPSS software v. 25. Results: The results showed that skill training based on CFT was effective on psychological capital and depression in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes in the post-test phase (Pvalue&lt;0.05), and had a lasting effect (Pvalue&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that Skill Training Based on CFT is effective on psychological capital and depression, so it is recommended that clinical psychologists use this training to increase the psychological health of patients with type 1 diabetes. &nbsp;Keywords: Skill Training, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Psychological Capital, Depression, Diabetes type

The Effectiveness of Skill Training based on Compassion-Focused Therapy on Psychological Capital and Depression in Adolescent Girls with Type 1 Diabetes

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease with a high risk of disability and death. In addition to physical complications, some psychological problems especially depression and loss of psychological capital are also common in people with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) training on psychological capital and depression in female adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of the study was all adolescents aged 16-14 years with type 1 diabetes in Sanandaj City. The statistical sample consisted of 30 adolescents with type 1 diabetes who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The PCQ-24 scale was used to collect data to measure psychological capital and the BDI-II scale was used to measure depression. The experimental group received 90 minutes of skill training based on CFT in eight sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by repeated measure in SPSS software v. 25. Results: The results showed that skill training based on CFT was effective on psychological capital and depression in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes in the post-test phase (Pvalue&lt;0.05), and had a lasting effect (Pvalue&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that Skill Training Based on CFT is effective on psychological capital and depression, so it is recommended that clinical psychologists use this training to increase the psychological health of patients with type 1 diabetes. &nbsp;Keywords: Skill Training, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Psychological Capital, Depression, Diabetes type

A class of new results in FLM algebras

In this paper, we first derive some results by using the Gelfand spectrum and spectrum in FLM algebras. Then, the characterizations of multiplicative linear mappings are also discussed in these algebras

Durability of the two-lumen catheter in hemodialysis patients; Ethanol 70%-heparin versus cefazolin-heparin: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial study

Introduction: Maintenance of hemodialysis catheters is essential for the patients and medical staff due to their repeated use for hemodialysis and other therapeutic interventions in the hospital. Objectives: This study aimed to comprise the effect of ethanol 70%-heparin versus cefazolin-heparin on the catheter durability time of hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: The study population consisted of 73 hemodialysis patients referred to Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas. Patients were divided into two groups cefazolin (cefazolin 5 mg/dL, and heparin 2500 IU/mL) and ethanol (ethanol 70%, and heparin 2500 IU/mL). In both groups, after each hemodialysis session, 2.9 to 3.3 mL of the locking solution was locked in the catheter lumen and remained until the next session. This intervention was conducted for all patients continuously for five months. The time of catheter durability was calculated from the time of catheter placement in the central vein until the time that it has been taken out according to the doctor’s diagnosis. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS version 26. Results: Results showed that demographic characteristics, including age, weight, gender, marital status, catheter type, underlying diseases, and dialysis adequacy between the two groups were similar (P>0.05). In the ethanol group, the mean time of the catheter durability was 27.5 days, and in the cefazolin group was 26.98 days. Although the time of the catheter durability was slightly higher in the ethanol group, this difference was not significant (P=0.194). Conclusion: Cefazolin and ethanol 70% did not show a significant difference in the catheter durability time of hemodialysis patients. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20210811052145N1; https://en.irct.ir/trial/58037, ethical code; IR.HUNS.REC.1398.052)